.png)
QUESTION| What do you mean by Human Environment? Discuss the role of United Nations Organisation (UNO) in protecting and improving the human environment.
Importance of this question : International Environmental Law Question
QUESTION POSTED ON | 15.10.2021
MODEL ANSWER WILL BE POSTED ON | 16.10.2021
Answers can be written till 16.10.2021.
How to post answer ?
1. Write your answer in a sheet of paper
2. Take picture
3. Login to get access to post answer
4. Upload the images to get them evaluated
To join our telegram group click here
For UPSC Law Optional Mains Courses click here
MEANING OF HUMAN ENVIRONMENT : Human environment is the interaction between human beings and the environment. It is the relationship of people with the natural and physical environment around them. Environment includes physical, biological, cultural, social, and economic factors of the area.
UNITED NATIONS AND HUMAN ENVIRONMENT :
International Environmental law could be said to have begun in a small way with the Trail Smelter arbitral award in 1938. In the Trail Smelter case, Canada was held liable for damage in the United States caused by the fumes from a Canadian smelter.
Although there were a few environmental treaties in the 1940s and 1950s, mostly about fauna (whales, fish, birds and seals) and oil pollution, the start of the era of IEL proper began with the Stockholm Declaration of Principles 1972, adopted by the UN Conference on the Human Environment (UNCHE).
The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (also known as the Stockholm Conference) was an international conference convened under United Nations auspices held in Stockholm, Sweden from June 5-16, 1972. It was the UN's first major conference on international environmental issues, and marked a turning point in the development of international environmental politics.
Principle 21 of Stockholm declaration largely reflects the Trail Smelter arbitration in confirming the sovereign right of a State to exploit its own resources pursuant to its environmental policies, but subject to its responsibility not to cause damage to other States
Following UNCHE, the UN General Assembly established in 1972 the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), with its headquarters in Nairobi.
Only with the ‘Brundtland Report’ in 1987 did ‘sustainable development’ become a well-known concept.
The UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) produced the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development 1992 (Rio Declaration). Its twenty-seven principles on sustainable development attempt to balance the interests of developed and developing countries. Agenda 21 (a forty-chapter programme of action), and the Convention on Climate Change and on Biological Diversity were then adopted.
OVERVIEW OF EARTH SUMMITS
1972 - The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (UNCHS) in Stockholm.
1982 - The 1982 Earth Summit in Nairobi (Kenya). An Earth Summit was held in Nairobi, Kenya, from 10 to 18 May 1982. The events of the time (Cold War) and the disinterest of US President Ronald Reagan (who appointed his delegated daughter Of the United States) made this summit a failure. It is not even mentioned as an official Earth Summit.
1992 - The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) or Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).
2002 - The World Summit on Sustainable Development, Earth Summit 2002 or Rio+10, Johannesburg (South Africa)
2009 - 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference or Copenhagen Summit, Copenhagen (Denmark)
2012 - The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD) or Rio+20, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
2018 - The 7th Digital Earth Summit 2018, DES-2018, on Digital Earth for Sustainable Development in Africa was to be held in El Jadida, Morocco, at the Faculty of Science, Chouaib Douakkali University from April 17-19, 2018
2019 - The Santiago Climate Change Conference, featuring the 25th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 25) to the United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change (UNFCCC) and meetings of the UNFCCC subsidiary bodies, will convene from 2nd to 13th of December 2019.